Сравнение GDPR и EU AI Act. Разберите, чем обязанности защиты персональных данных отличаются от risk-based обязанностей для AI-систем и general-purpose AI models.
Краткий вердикт: Используйте GDPR, когда вопрос — processing personal data; используйте EU AI Act, когда вопрос — AI system risk category, safety, transparency, governance или conformity obligations.
General Data Protection Regulation defines European Union’s data protection law governing the processing of personal data.
Контекст: Наиболее уместно, когда AI project processes personal data about individuals.
EU AI Act defines European Union regulation establishing a risk-based framework for AI systems and, in some cases, general-purpose AI models.
Контекст: Наиболее уместно при classifying AI system or mapping AI-specific compliance obligations.
| Аспект | General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) | EU AI Act |
|---|---|---|
| Регуляторная цель | GDPR protects individuals in relation to processing of personal data. | EU AI Act regulates AI systems and some general-purpose AI models through risk-based obligations. |
| Триггер | Triggered when personal data is processed by an organization. | Triggered when AI system or covered AI model falls within Act categories and risk framework. |
| Необходимые доказательства | Lawful basis, transparency, purpose limitation, minimization, security, rights handling and accountability records. | Risk classification, technical documentation, transparency, governance, conformity and AI-specific records where applicable. |
| Ответственный субъект | Organizations processing personal data allocate privacy and accountability responsibilities. | AI Act obligations assigned by AI roles such as provider/deployer and system risk level. |
| Аудиторское значение | Audits examine lawful, transparent, secure, limited and accountable personal data processing. | Audits examine whether AI-specific obligations match system category, risk level and lifecycle evidence. |
На практике ошибка — спрашивать, какой закон applies, вместо mapping both trigger tests. Если AI system processes personal data, compliance file usually needs both privacy and AI Act evidence streams.
Assuming EU AI Act compliance automatically satisfies GDPR.
Assuming GDPR compliance covers AI Act risk classification.
Ignoring personal data in model inputs, outputs, logs or evaluation datasets.
Используйте GDPR при обсуждении personal data processing, individual rights, lawful basis, transparency, data minimization, security and accountability. Он релевантен в AI projects whenever personal data is used for training, testing, deployment or operation.
Используйте EU AI Act при обсуждении AI system classification, risk-based obligations, GPAI models, safety, transparency, governance, conformity assessment или CE marking. Он применяется because of AI system/model and its regulatory category.
Многие AI systems требуют both GDPR and EU AI Act analysis. GDPR отвечает на вопрос personal data processing, а EU AI Act — на вопрос AI risk and conformity.
Да. GDPR может применяться because system processes personal data, а EU AI Act — because system is an AI system or model within risk-based regulatory category.
GDPR focuses on processing of personal data and related rights/obligations. EU AI Act focuses on AI systems, risk categories and AI-specific obligations.
Сохраняйте separate but connected evidence streams: privacy records for GDPR and AI system governance, risk and conformity records for EU AI Act.
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